	ENY3004 General Entomology

Systematics and Taxonomy

Systematics: Study of the diversity and relationships among organisms

Taxonomy: (A part of systematics) The process of classifying and naming

Phylogenetic relationships: based on evolutionary sequences and relationships among groups.

Hierarchy of categories used in classification ...

Kingdom
Phylum (and subphylum)
Class (and subclass)
Order (and suborder)
(Superfamily)
Family (and subfamily)
(Tribe)
Genus (and subgenus)
Species (and subspecies)
{King Phillip came out for general sports}

Names of the people who described a species:

Papilio glaucus Linnaeus (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae)

The scientific name of the tiger swallowtail described by Linnaeus in the genus Papilio

Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

The scientific name of the Colorado potato beetle, originally described by Say, but using a genus name other than Leptinotarsa. (The parentheses around the name of the descriptor tells you it was first described in a different genus.)

Phylum Arthropoda

Phyla that are most closely related are the Annelida (the segmented worms, including earthworms, sea worms, and leaches) and the Onychophora (wormlike and slug-like creatures that live in moist habitats in the southern hemisphere). Annelids do not have segmented appendages, a chitinous exoskeleton, or a tracheal system. Their circulatory system is closed, skeletal muscles are not striated, and excretion is by nephridia. Onychophorans have segmented antennae but not segmented legs or striated muscles; excretion is by nephridia. They do have a chitinous exoskeleton, a tracheal system, and an open circulatory system.

Subphyla:

Trilobita - the Trilobites (fossils only)
Chelicerata
- no antennae; the first pair of appendages are chelicerae (involved in food handling); 2 distinct body regions -- cephalothorax and abdomen
  - Classes include:
    - Merostomata -- horseshoe crabs
    - Arachnida -- scorpions, spiders, harvestmen, mites & ticks, and pseudosorpions
    - Pycnogonida -- sea spiders

Crustacea
- 2 pairs of antennae; most appendages end in a 2-branched segment ("biramous")
  - Classes include:
    - Branchiopoda -- fairy shrimp
    - Copepoda -- copepods (Cyclops)
    - Cirripedia -- barnacles
    - Malacostraca -- lobsters, crayfish, crabs, shrimp, isopods (sowbugs or pillbugs)

Atelocerata
- single pair of antennae, unbranched appendages, unique structure of mandibles (in comparison with the Chelicerata)
  - Classes include:
    - Diplopoda -- millipedes
    - Chilopoda -- centipedes
    - Pauropoda -- paurapods
    - Symphyla -- symphylans
    - Hexapoda -- insects

For more information, ...